Argument and Collaboration Essay Example

Argument and Collaboration Essay Example Argument and Collaboration Essay Argument and Collaboration Essay In the library there are many â€Å"evidence and arguments that collaboration pays dividends. Library impact research demonstrates that collaboration is essential in maximizing the positive impact of library media programs on student achievement and school success. Unfortunately, both the organizational structure and the culture in most schools discourage collaborative efforts among faculty members. Conference participants wishing to promote increased collaboration in their schools may need to draw on a variety of material to use in crafting their arguments. (Hartzell, 2007 p 2) â€Å"This sampling of resources is divided into three sections: (1) resources specific to teacher-librarian cooperation and collaboration, (2) resources relating to some deliberately targeted collaboration opportunities, and (3) resources regarding the general nature of workplace collaboration, especially in the school setting. † (Hartzell, 2007 p 2) Teacher-Librarian Collaboration Teacher-librarian collaboration is at the heart of effective library media practice. Research results indicate that students develop higher quality information literacy skills when instruction on those skills is integrated with subject matter studies, and an argument can be made that the learning of the subject matter itself is similarly enhanced. (Hartzell,2007 p3) Deliberately Targeted Collaboration One area of school librarianship often neglected in discussion of library functions is how the librarian can assist in helping particular populations in the school, both directly and through working with other faculty members. Hartzell, 2007 p 4) Collaboration General Resources Collaboration is difficult to achieve in schools. The culture resists it and the organizational structure discourages it. These sources offer some insight into the challenges of fostering teacher collaboration with anyone. (Hartzell, 2007 p6) Here is some example of argument and collaboration between library, school and principals: â€Å"Principals, teachers and librarians don’t always se e each other clearly. Perspectives: Librarian sees library media center as center of school. Teacher sees classroom as center of school Principal sees school as constellation of interacting elements. † (Hartzell, 2007 p9) Professional preparation Librarian: Little administrative perspective irony, because librarians reach every program Administer facility and budget Facilitate instruction with and through others Teacher: One adult in one room with one group of students for one period of time Administrator: No significant library study outside of law. Negative potential: censorship, copyright violation. (Hartzell, 2007 p9) Little or no interaction in the broader field How many teachers and administrators read librarian publications and attend librarian conferences? How many librarians write for teacher and administrator publications and present at teacher and administrator conferences? Result: Many teachers and administrators don’t think of librarians as integral to school success or to their own personal professional success. Opportunity loss: Inaccurate librarian evaluation, teacher forms, teaching function, revert to stereotype, low return on librarian investment, staff reductions, staffing by non-professionals, budget cuts or elimination. Hartzell, 2007 p 11) Why Should Principals Support School Libraries? Principals should support school libraries because it is in both their students’ and their own best interests to do so. Quality library media programs can enhance students achievement, committed librarians can help principals enhance their own administrative practice. (Hartzell, 2007 p14) How Can Principals Support Libraries? E ducate themselves to library and librarian potential. Reconfigure the librarian’s job to maximize realization of that potential. Hire high-quality, forward-looking, energetic, innovative librarians. Provide budget resources adequate to new roles and demands. Effectively and accurately evaluate both the program and the librarian on jointly developed criteria recognizing library media work as simultaneously integral to instructional quality but distinct from classroom teaching itself. (Harezell, 2007 p15) In the conclusion I would like to say that argument and collaboration explain importance of the open dialogue between libraries, schools and principals for the achievement of the best results in educational process, and administration functioning.

How to Stay Positive in the Middle of a Job Search

How to Stay Positive in the Middle of a Job Search The job search process may seem lengthy at times, but there are things you can do to increase both the efficiency of the search and your resiliency.   The most successful job hunters  navigate the waters in a purposeful manner,  using positivity as a guide. Let’s take a look at some techniques that can help you achieve your goals.   Target a JobThis is really a two-pronged approach. First,  understand  the type of job that suits your talents. You likely have an idea of what this is from  the courses you’ve taken to the natural interests and abilities you possess. List the type of work at which you excel, and link that to pertinent job duties. Try to  find companies where you might want to work, and then aim  to connect your talents to job duties at these  companies.  Network With OthersNetworking with friends or colleagues who work in the industry or at a company you are targeting is important. Work with your contacts   to learn about  attribut es the company seeks  in an employee- doing so might help you use the right key words  resume or during an interview.  Get Help to Stay on TargetSeeking the help of a friend or job coach can be key in keeping you on track. If a contact  has experienced a similar job search situation or counseled others in their search, he or she can be a weekly touchstone to help  you stay on target.A trusted support person is also a great resource for practicing a mock interview. Brainstorming possible questions- and having the right answers!- can help  you appear at ease when the big day comes.  Strategize Your Job SearchThinking of a job search with the same plan of attack  you have when playing a game of chess will  help you navigate hurdles. Game players know there are no points to be made in  giving up, and having a plan always helps you win. Devising a strategy for your job search is similar. Make checklists for your week and celebrate milestones (such as finally structuri ng a winning  resume)- and always keep moving forward.  Control What You CanWhile there are some aspects of a job search you cannot control, you can control  how you  search for a job and where you eventually apply. For instance, using TheJobNetwork to locate jobs that match your skill set at a particular company is a deliberate choice that sets you on the right path. Applying as soon as a job comes up gives you a running start. TheJobNetwork matches jobs to your criteria and qualifications and alerts you as soon as the job is available.  Set Up a RoutineEstablish a routine you feel comfortable following every day. Check email daily, maybe even at the same time very day, to see if search results have arrived or if you received an invitation for an interview. Automatically follow up with an email after sending in an application to ensure it was received.When you are searching for a job, having a platform like the JobNetwork doing the searching for you helps. Since employers use platforms to announce jobs, it stands to reason you’ll have early access to new listings. TheJobNetwork even ranks the results, so you are able to see how closely the job matches your criteria. Doing your homework and getting ready to embrace a new job has a great deal to do with how you feel and the perceptions others have of you. Being positive and energetic is a great calling card.

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

See below - Essay Example In essence, seasonal temperature varies from average of 26 Â °F in January while in July amounts to 86Â °F. Its commodities vary, as there is air warmth, soil fertility, and rivers that are so favourable and augment a more convenient place for man survival, pleasure, and farming. Fishing is a core activity as rivers and bay comprises of fish and places for building ships, which indicates the area’s interest in fishing. Fishing and hunting is done via bow and arrows and much of their fishing is in boats. Predominantly, Virginia largest groups are Christians with protestant. However, this article outlines that Virginia worship a chief God whose people serve in fear in love. Within their temples, they have images that indicate their passion in their religion such as carved images painted with beads, copper, and chains, and covered with the skin suiting the deformity of their God. Following this, one would conclude that the article lacks depth of religion facts as it only outlays the deformity of God revealed in their way of worship and temple symbols but fails to discuss their religion. From the article, one can capture the fact that Virginia’s population is not crowded for men are fewer and a greater number of children and women. There are about 5, 000 people in 70 miles of James Towne. From this argument, it is obvious that women and children are more than men. Still, one can draw a conclusion that Virginia is a unique state as it is the birthplace of prominent people such as the eight US presidents, noted scientists, and famous statesmen. With this regard, one can assume that the State is notable for raising prominent leaders who have enhanced a positive impact in the U.S. To some extent, this might be the reason why the State has a strong government that seeks to solve issues and improve people welfare. Virginia has a strong government that comprises of good commanding that in turn makes the state excel in their

Discuss the relationship between globalisation and democracy (with Essay

Discuss the relationship between globalisation and democracy (with reference to the asia pacific) - Essay Example Globalisation is metaphorically making the world a smaller place as it is is now a lot faster to travel or communicate with any part of the world. Globalisation has also led to the merging of some cultures and the quick transmission of ideas and information.3 The process of globalisation is supposed to offer economic benefits to all countries involved within it. For the developed countries of the West and Japan it brings cheaper goods and services whilst for developing countries in Asia pacific and other regions it brings employment and investment. Along with the investment, ideas are also exported to developing countries, ideas such as democracy.4 Some have attributed the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe along with the brutally repressed student uprising in China with globalisation and an increasing desire for democracy. 5 China although it has retained its communist leadership has become increasingly involved with the globalisation since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976. The Chinese government adopted capitalist economic policies to drive forward economic development whilst retaining tight political control as they believed involvement in globalisation would possibly increase the demand for democracy.6 Globalisation can and has played a role in promoting and bring about democracy in the Asia pacific region although it has not been an easy or straightforward relationship. Countries such as South Korea have had long periods of economic growth and have benefited from globalisation. South Korea was also helped by its closeness to Japan; it however was not a democracy as such until the 1990s. The United States supported South Korea because it was anti-Communist.7 During the cold war the United States was happy to support not only South Korea but other undemocratic countries such as

Definition of Budget Essay Example for Free

Definition of Budget Essay It is an estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. It can help to create a system when someone wants to open a shop or start investments. A budget can be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government or anything else that makes and speaks money. It can also help to establish a planned level of expenditures and it can help to maintain a budget for a company either on an accrual or a cash basis. Structured planning can make all the difference to the growth of the business, it will enable businesses to concentrate resources on improving profits, reducing cost and increasing returns on investment. Relationship Between Budgeting Management of Business When a budget is done properly, it can serve as a planning and controlling system. The company’s data, goal, performance objectives are documented in financial terms. It can help to see whether the company is profiting or not profiting. These budgeting are used throughout the year, monthly performance reports compare budgeted results with actual results. The role that effective budgeting plays in the management of business, is best understood when it is related to the fundamentals of management. Planning is essential in the management of a business. Management has certain variables that it can control. Goals are the annual planning process for every company. These goals can be termed as profit, return on investment, product leadership, market share, product diversification, or simply survival. It helps an organization set a level for clients. Advantages Of Budgeting The major strength of budgeting is that it coordinates activities across departments. It can help to calculate the amount of money needed for the month or year. Budget translates strategic plans into action. They specify the resources, revenues and activities required to carry out the strategic plan for the coming year. Budget provides and excellent record of organizational activities. It also helps to improve communication between employees. It can help with profitability review as a properly structured budget points out which aspects of a business generate cash and which ones to use. Cash allocations can be used when there is a limit to the amount of cash available to invest in fixed assets and working capital, and the budgeting process forces management to decide which assets are most worth investing in. Also, large investors may want a benchmark against which they can measure the company’s progress. Even if a company chooses not to lend much credence to its own budget, it may still be valuable to construct a conservative budget to share with investors. The same argument holds true for lenders, who may want to see a budget versus actual results comparison from time to time. Disadvantages Of Budgeting There may be inaccuracy during budgeting as it is based on assumptions based on a set of assumptions that are generally not too far distant from the operating conditions under which it was formulated. If the business environment changes to any significant degree, then the company’s revenues or cost structure may change so radically that actual results will rapidly depart from the expectations delineated in the budget. It can also be very time-consuming to create a budget, especially in a poorly-organized environment where many iterations of the budget may be required. The time involved is lower if there is a well-designed budgeting procedure in place, employees are accustomed to the process, and most of the company uses budgeting software now. The budget may prescribe that certain amounts of overhead costs be allocated to various departments, and the managers of those departments may take issue with the allocation methods used. This is a particular problem when departments are not allowed to substitute services provided from within the company for lower-cost services that are available else where. Limitations Of Budgeting Large investors may want a benchmark against which they can measure the company’s progress. Even if a company chooses not to lend much credence to its own budget, it may still be valuable to construct a conservative budget to share with investors. The same argument holds true for lenders, who may want to see a budget versus actual results comparison from time to time. Budgeting is a time consuming and costly job. The development of a budget includes many repetitive steps before the budget is finally approved. This process requires lots of negotiations between managers at different levels until a budget evolves which is acceptable to all levels (langfield smith , thorne hilton 2006). Budgets can also cause a great deal of waste and behaviourable problems. Hope and Fraser (1999) cite Jack Welch, from General Electric as claiming that making a budget is and exercise in minimalisation â€Å"you are always getting the lowest out of people, because everyone is negotiating to get t he lowest number.† People’s main goal is to meet the budgets, so they always try to negotiate to get lower targets with lower sales and higher costs, which are well-known as padding the budgets. Conclusion I disagree on having too much even thought budgeting is a major activity. While it has some useful functions for businesses and organisations, it does have many limitations. Budgets consume substantial level of time and resources, but provide little credible and useful information. They add little value but encourage dysfunctional and wasteful behaviours as well as de-motivate employees.

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity :: Children Papers

Philosophy of Childhood and the Politics of Subjectivity The Western onto-theological tradition has long been preoccupied with two symbolizations of childhood. One conceives of it as an original unity of being and knowing, an exemplar of completed identity. The other conceives of childhood as deficit and danger, an exemplar of the untamed appetite and the uncontrolled will. In the economy of Plato and Aristotle’s tripartite self, the child is ontogenetically out of balance. She is incapable of bringing the three parts of the self into a right hierarchal relation based on the domination of reason. In other words, attaining adulthood means eradicating the child. Freud’s reformulation of the Platonic community of self combines the two symbolizations. His model creates an opening for shifting power relations between the elements of the self. He opens the way toward what Kristeva calls the "subject-in-process," a pluralism of relationships rather than an organization constituted by exclusions and hierarchies. After Freud, the chil d comes to stand for the inexpugnable demands of desire. Through dialogue with this child, the postmodern adult undergoes the dismantling of the notion of subjectivity based on domination, and moves toward the continuous reconstruction of the subject-in-process. The Child and the Second Harmony The child first appears in the known ancient texts, not as a beginning, but as an end. She represents the idea of the fulfillment of spiritual growth as a reversal of the life cycle. In the 6th century B.C. Lao Tzu says, "He who is in harmony with the Tao is likea newborn child. It's bones are soft, its muscles are weak, but its grip is powerful. . . The Master's power is like this. He lets all things come and go effortlessly, without desire." (1) Jesus speaks of the attainment of spiritual maturity as "becoming like little children." (2) Plotinus contrasts children with adults, "whose faculty and mental activity are busied upon a multitude of subjects passed quickly over all, lingering on none." Among children, on the other hand, objects "achieve presence," because the child's attention is not "scattered," dispersed in the world of multiplicity. (3) In this grand perennial Western mythos, the child represents an original ontological unity of being and knowing, thought and experience — identity realized. The child is premoral, the realized adult postmoral. The story of the journey from one to the other begins with a Fall into division. It is, as the story goes, a necessary fall, for it inaugurates a psychological and spiritual journey which — if you don't die in the desert of adulthood — promises self-reintegration on a higher level.

Saving Private Ryan by Steven Spielberg

Steven Spielberg’s acclaimed 1998 war film Saving Private Ryan tells the story of the search for Private James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon), an American soldier missing in Normandy, France, during the Second World War. Captain John Miller (Tom Hanks) receives orders to assemble a group of soldiers to find the fourth son of the Ryan family, who have received notification on the same day of the death of three of their sons while in action. The film opens with an aged veteran visiting the American Cemetery in Normandy with his wife, children and grandchildren. He falls to his knees and breaks down in tears at the graveside of a fallen comrade. The film then cuts to a twenty-five minute sequence which has become the focus of much close analysis and critical commentary. The reconstruction of the US landings on Omaha Beach on the 6 June 1944, at the beginning of the Normandy invasion, places the viewer at the centre of the bloody onslaught, as machine-guns fire mercilessly into the bodies of the soldiers as they make they way forward into German defences. Bodies are ripped apart (a soldier holds his exposed intestines), limbs fly in the air (a soldier bends down to pick up his lost arm), bodies catch fire, and the ceaseless unnerving rattle of gun fire, represent a stunningly powerful and vivid experience for the film’s viewers. â€Å"The intense and fearful exhilaration created by a freely and rapidly moving camera is central. The graphic realism of the sequence; with the continuous jerky movement of hand-held cameras, capturing the madness and confusion of the battle; and the painstaking attention to gory detail, with blood and water splashing the camera lens, was to be heralded by many as one of Spielberg’s defining cinematic achievements. Hendrik Hertzberg wrote on the film’s release in ‘The New Yorker’: â€Å"What makes â€Å"Saving Private Ryan† utterly distinctive is the sense that it has no agenda other than to capture the experience of being a combat soldier in the last global war. The vivid depiction of death and injury experienced by Captain Miller, as he succeeds in leading his company of Rangers at Omaha Beach, sets the tone for the remaining two hours of the film, as the viewer follows him in his next mission to find and return James Ryan to his mother. Captain Miller assembles seven men for the task, and the soldiers move into Normandy’s neighbouring Neuville. Private Carpazo (Vin Diesel) is the group’s first victim, when he is shot dead by a German sniper. With tempers fraying and internal mistrust building, the locating of James Frederick Ryan, the wrong soldier, leads to further dissent. However Captain Miller finally discovered Ryan’s whereabouts, in Ramelle, following a chance meeting with one of his friends. On the way to Ryan the soldiers loose their second victim, Wade (Giovanni Ribisi), and Miller’s leadership is again questioned when he prevents a surrendered German being shot by one of his men, named Reiben, (Edward Burns), and sets him free. Captain Miller succeeds in reasserting trust, confidence and comradeship in the group by revealing personal details about his past and origins, including his position as an English teacher. Susan Hayward writes: â€Å"the gore of war is matched by the unheralded heroism of an individual who stands for humanity. † When the group of remaining soldier finally reach Ramelle they find American paratroopers, including Ryan, defending the town from advancing German troops with very few soldiers. When told of their mission, and the death of his brothers, Ryan refuses to stand down, instead courageously heading for the bridge which will need to be held, asking Miller and his men to join him. As the German tanks arrive, Miller reluctantly agrees and takes command of the few soldiers. Heavily outnumbered, malnourished and exhausted, most of Captain Miller’s men are fatally injured. Spielberg again graphically visualises the horror of war as one man is stabbed, another shot in the throat, and another shot down with repeated unrelenting gun fire. Spielberg uses camera distancing and focal points as a means to involve the viewer within the frantic action of this battle sequence. The knowledge that somewhere above snipers prey on the men is constantly drawn upon. Captain Miller himself is eventually shot down and soon dies in the arms of Ryan as backup arrives too late from another American infantry. The town is saved, but only three men, including Ryan, survive. As the film ends the veteran at the graveside of Captain Miller is revealed to be James Ryan. He stands to attention and salutes the American flag, which lies on the grave, acknowledging his comrade’s sacrifice and honour in his own and his country’s name. Saving Private Ryan received much critical acclaim, including eleven Academy Award nominations. Steven Spielberg achieved the Best Director award, Cinematographer Janusz Kaminski and film editor Michael Kahn’s contribution to the film’s brutal realism was also acknowledged by the Academy. Produced with an estimated budget of â€Å"$70 000 000† Saving Private Ryan was theatrically released by Paramount Pictures, and distributed by Spielberg’s Production Company DreamWorks, andmade â€Å"$30, 576, 104† on its opening weekend alone. The continued popularity of the film, by audiences and critics, and what has led many to label the film as the best War film ever made, is attributable to the timelessness of the visual effects and memorable scenes (most notably the opening Omaha sequence, and the final battle for the bridge). The historical accuracy and artistic license of the film has been invariably considered in the decade following the release of Saving Private Ryan, but the consensus is that the style and form of the film ensure a powerful and captivating, if harrowing, experience for any viewer. It is a film which places audiences at the centre of the narrative; viewers are â€Å"encouraged to review and consider what they see- and, if point-of-view matters, to contemplate why. † As with his earlier graphic Holocaust film Schindler’s List (1993), Steven Spielberg ambition is to exceed visual entertainment, using reconstructive dramatisation as a means to ‘experience’ the unimaginable in a wholly believable way.

Leadership Development Perk or Priority

CONTENT S. NO| TOPIC| 1| Introduction about the case| 2| Analyse the problem with the case using OB theories and concepts. | 3| How should Barton make her case for executive education? | 4| Reflection upon our experience of working in a group. | 5| Conclusion| 6| Referencing| ABSTRACT Karen Barton, Zendal Pharmaceuticals (senior vice president of HR) ,was annoyed when COO Palmer scorched her executive education budget by 75%.The first thought that came to Barton mind that it was a mistake, but it wasn’t a fault as Palmer patiently told Barton, sales were down by 26% and there was $300 million debts Zendal took on when it acquired Premier Pharmaceuticals, as a result Barton’s budget wasn’t the only one being cut. Palmer added that it wasn't clear what would be the return on investment of her proposed program or any of her current ones for that event. Barton's analysis had been extremely short on Quantitative benefits.Barton complained to a friend Carlo Freitas, he ad of the medical devices division about this, but Freitas disagreed: â€Å"If you want dollars, you have to show how you fit in with management's plans. You must be deliberate to fight for the resources with rest of us†. Barton bristled: â€Å"Don't you see that my department is connected to all the others? Every division benefits from the HR budget. † But she noticed that Freitas was correct. She needed to make the case that duplify her budget was a clever act even in tenacious times. Q1. Analyse the problem with the case using OB theories and concepts.Ans. Analysing the case we find the following concepts: 1. Conflict concept: â€Å"It is a disagreement between two people or group over some major issues†. In the case there is a disagreement between Palmer and Barton regarding the importance of executive education due to which Barton’s executive education budget was cut by more than 75%. 2. Understanding concept: â€Å"It relates to showing/exchanging of one’s thought with that of others†. Here Barton takes helps of her friend Frietas in order to take some decision regarding the executive education.Now regarding this decision Freitas tells her that she should provide justification for as how will executive education somewhere lead to profit of the company. 3. Communication concept: â€Å"Communication is process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organization so that an understanding of response results†. Barton knew about the interests of the executive towards a particular program communication with them and also encouraged the executives for enrolling in the respective program they liked. 4.Organization development concept: â€Å"It is a long term strategic which focuses on the whole culture of the organization in order to bring about planned changes† In this case Barton took a step ahead for the executives’ education for executives in the company. Barton as the mana ger of HR department was wondering as how executives can be provided with the training (organizational department). For this she took two steps: (a) Initiatives for two types of employees: * New Hires – who had to be bought up in a quick and speed way. * First level supervisors – these are high potential performers.An average enrolment was between 25 and 30 employees. (b) Low key approach : Barton’s team adopted an initiative to collect information on various programs at different B schools. Barton has encouraged executives to speak to the attendees first and look over the course materials those people had brought back. According to her this was a good way to determine whether the executives need fits with the programs theme. 5. Motivation concept: it is one of the most important concepts that best fits in the matter. Motivation Motive Motivating Engagement in work behaviourActivating needs and providing needs satisfaction on environment Needs in individuals In this case all the executives under Barton were being motivated by her for enrolling in the best suited programs and also she asked them to enrol in the programs which discouraged they felt were poor or below average. THEORIES: 1. Vroom’s theory of expectancy: â€Å"Theory deals with the variables of motivation and their interrelation†. Employee Effort Performance Reward According to the block line diagram of VTOE we can correlate the case as: (a) Employee : executives b) Effort : that are made by Barton (c) Performance: all the performance criteria can be given to Barton and her team members. (d) Reward: enrolment of executives as managers and some increment of position. 2. Leadership theory: â€Å"it is the process of influencing others towards the accomplishment of goals. It is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with confidence and zeal† Behavioural theory of leadership: â€Å"this is related to the behaviour of the leader that it is some where related to what the leader does instead of hi traits†.According to the above theories of leadership we can relate to our case study as follows: Barton instead of acting as a manager acted as a leader thinking of the welfare of various executives who could be projected by executive thinking. Q2. How should Barton make her case for executive education? Ans. Barton should have focused on creating a quantitative ROI that the other executives buy into or should have revised her training program so that it does have measurable outcomes for a quantitative ROI.In order to make her case for executive education to palmer she should have explained or shown the turnover and ROI calculation as shown below.. Turnover ROI calculation: Total number of employees = 5,000 Turnover rate per year = 5% Turnover cost per employee = $20. 000 (termination,staffing,training etc) 5,000*. 05*20,000 = 5,000,000 Therefore, estimated cost of turnover per year = $ 5,000,000 Number of executive = 50 5,0 00,000/50 = 100,000 i. e estimated cost of turnover per executive = $ 100,000. Total number of employees = 5,000Reduced Turnover rate per year = 4% Turnover cost per employee = $20. 000 . 5,000*. 04*20,000 = 4,000,000 Therefore, estimated cost of reduced turnover per year = $ 4,000,000 Number of executive = 50 4,000,000/50 = 80,000 i. e estimated cost of reduced turnover per executive = $ 80,000. Saving per executive = $ 20,000 (100,000 – 80,000) Cost of training per executive = $ 12,000 Financial benefit per executive = $ 8,000 ROI = 20000/12000*100 = 167% Return for each dollar invested. Productivity ROI calculation : Number of sales specialists= 250Annual sales contribution each specialist = $ 50,000 Increase in productivity = 6% 250*50,000*. 06 = 750,000 Number of executives = 50 750,000/50 = 15,000 Estimated benefit of increased productivity per executive = $15,000 Sales increase per executive = $ 15,000 Cost of training per executive = $ 12,000 Financial Benefit per exe cutive = $ 3,000 ROI = 15,000/12,000*100 = 125 % Return for each dollar invested Therefore total ROI according to her revised executive program is as follows .. Turnover: Savings per executive = $ 20,000 Cost of training per executive = $12,000Financial bebefit per executive = $ 8,000 ROI = 167% Productivity: Added impact on contribution per executive = $ 15,000 Cost of training per executive = $ 12,000 Financial benefit per executive = $ 3,000 ROI = 125% ROI = 35,000/12,000*100=292% Return for each dollar invested Therefore by showing this calculation Barton should have explained how her program can provide financial benefit per executive with less cost of training per executive and with greater ROI for each dollar invested.. Reflection upon our experience of working in a group. Ans.For us working in a group was very beneficial as it gave us the chance to work together with new charm and refreshing ideas. Although in the beginning it was very challenging for all of us but despite o f that we worked together which at last helped us in increasing our view points towards the case study and resulted in a Better research work with thoughtful solutions for the case. Each member in our group was very motivative and gave his or her 100 percent in completing our work. Like all typical groups, in our group also there were good and bad events and moments. i. sometimes we had conflict among us over different views , but Whatever the scenario was, we learned a lot from each other and at last were very comfortable working with each other. CONCLUSION Leadership has been a major topic in management and business literature over the last few years. The rapid changes in business, technology, political and social factors has required the development of effective leadership skills. As a result leadership development programs have become an increasing priority for business and government organizations. Therefore Barton should have done a more thorough evaluation in order to Identif y the strengths and weakness of her executive development programs, * Identify the trainees which benefited the most from her program * She should have determined the costs of the program and its financial benefits to the organisation * Moreover she should have compared the costs and benefits of her training versus non training investments , the costs and benefits of different training programs to choose the best program out of it and then should have presented her case to Dave Palmer mentioning all the benefits of her executive development rogram and should have tried to convince palmer not to cut that major chunk from her program as it would be a fruitful investment for the organisation in the long run and would surely help its organisation perform well in the future. REFERENCING Margie Parikh, Rajen Gupta. (2011). exploring communication as a behaviourial process. In: Shalini negi,Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 285 .Margie Parikh,Rajen Gupta. (2011). managing conflict,stress and negotiation. In: Shalini negi,Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 307. Margie Parikh, Rajen Gupta. (2011). understanding decision making as a process . In: Shalini negi, Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 332. Margie Parikh,Rajen Gupta. (2011). understanding motivation.In: Shalini negi,Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 139. Margie Parikh,Rajen Gupta. (2011). understanding motivation. In: Shalini negi,Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 141. Margie Parikh,Rajen Gupta. (2011). understanding leaders. In: Shalini negi,Sneha kumari  Organisational Behaviour. new delhi: tata mcgraw-hill education private limited. 519-523.

Corporate Crime in America essays

Corporate Crime in America essays With the latest string of corporate crime "busts," we are realizing more and more that wearing a suit and tie to work does not exempt one from criminal action. Corporate crime, though not violent in nature, is incredibly harmful with regards to society. Chief executive officers in companies such as Enron, Worldcom, and Tyco cheated their employees and investors out of millions of dollars (Puscas 2003). Much of that money was earmarked for pension benefits, retirement plans, and medical insurance for the company's workforce. Corporate crime can also be detrimental to the economy in that it reduces confidence in the stock market and other related There are two reasons why corporate crime is so prevalent (at least recently). Firstly, because those committing corporate crimes think they can get away with it, and secondly, because they believe that punishments for the crimes will be minimal. In order to fight corporate crime, we need to address these two prevailing notions. The first issue to address is criminal prosecution. It is often the case that prosecuters assigned to a case involving white collar crime will be reluctant to push the case as far as one involving drugs or violence. The reality is that corporate crime, at least in the past, was a low priority for District Attorneys. It was easier to justify sending someone to jail who had murdered another individual, then someone who falsified White collar crimes are defined as nonviolent crimes committed in commercial situations by individuals, groups, or corporations for financial gain. They include but are not limited to the following types of fraud: antitrust fraud, bankruptcy fraud, bribery, computer fraud, credit card fraud, counterfeiting, embezzlement, environmental fraud, financial fraud, government fraud, identity fraud, insider trading, insurance fraud, kickbacks, mail fraud, and trade secret ...

Timeline of Charlemagnes Life and Reign

Timeline of Charlemagne's Life and Reign For a quick overview of the progress of Charlemagnes life, consult the chronological listing of significant events below. Timeline 742: Charles the Great is born on April 2, traditionally in this year, but possibly as late as 747751: Charlemagnes father Pippin is declared king, beginning what would later be called the Carolingian dynasty768: Upon the death of Pippin, the kingdom of Francia is divided between Charles and his brother Carloman771: Carloman dies; Charles becomes sole ruler772: Charlemagne makes his first raid on the Saxons, which is a success; but this was just the beginning of an extended struggle against the decentralized pagan tribes774: Charlemagne conquers Lombardy and becomes King of the Lombards777: Construction of a palace in Aachen begins778: An unsuccessful siege of Saragossa, Spain, is followed by an ambush of Charlemagnes retreating army by the Basques at Roncesvalles 781: Charles makes a pilgrimage to Rome and has his son Pippin proclaimed King of Italy; here he meets Alcuin, who agrees to come to Charlemagnes court782: In response to recent attacks by Saxon leader Widukind, Charlemagne reportedly has 4,500 Saxon prisoners executed en masse 787: Charles launches his educational plan by ordering bishops and abbots to open schools near their churches and monasteries788: Charlemagne takes control of Bavaria, bringing all the territory of the Germanic tribes into one political unit791-796: Charles conducts a series of campaigns against the Avars in present-day Austria and Hungary. The Avars are eventually destroyed as a cultural entity796: Construction on the cathedral in Aachen begins799: Pope Leo III is attacked in the streets of Rome and flees to Charlemagne for protection. The king has him conducted safely back to Rome800: Charlemagne comes to Rome to oversee a synod where Leo clears himself of the charges laid on him by his enemies. At Christmas mass, Leo crowns Charlemagne Emperor804: The Saxon wars finally come to an end812: Byzantine emperor Michael I acknowledges Charlemagne as emperor, though not as Roman emperor, providing official power to the power Charles already wielded in fact813: Charles delegates imperial power to Louis, his last surviving legitimate son 814: Charlemagne dies in Aachen

Castle Bingo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Castle Bingo - Essay Example The research will be undertaken by using exploratory and mixed methods. These approaches will be appropriate for the research because it will effectively enable to understand the thoughts and perceptions of these two customer segments. Furthermore, in order to collect information about the players, questionnaire method has been suggested. The data would be analysed by measures of dispersion method and descriptive analysis technique. It will not only help to understand the research phenomenon but also help to describe the reason behind it. By undertaking the literature survey on the topic, it has been found that online gaming is an international business and many strong players are trying to create a strong position in this business. However, since online gaming is a new phenomenon, targeting these customers require different strategies than offline players. There are considerable differences and similarities between online and offline players. Concentrating on this aspect, it is recommended that Castle Leisure needs to undertake a market survey in order to recognise the requirements of this new customer segment and comprehend how it is different from offline players. It has also been recommended that around 1000 samples would be studied on the basis of judgemental sampling method to gain a clear understanding about the market segment. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Problem Definition 5 Literature Review 6 Research Design 8 Research Methods 9 Sampling 10 Data Collection 11 Data Analysis 12 References 14 Introduction Marketing research is a methodical and objective process for searching and examining information which are appropriate for identification and explanation of any issue in the area of marketing. Marketing research facilitates to find reasoned responses for a predetermined task of business in systematic manner. This denotes that in order to undertake marketing research, a plan needs to be deve loped sensibly with specifying every phase (FAO, 2013). Focusing on this aspect, the research will be based on developing a proposal for conducting market research in order to understand the customers’ requirements of Castle Leisure. Castle Leisure operates several bingo clubs throughout the United Kingdom and its market is divided into two types of customers namely offline and online gamers. The objective of the proposal is to investigate the differences between offline and online customers of bingo games which would help to better recognise their requirements. Problem Definition Bingo game is quite popular in several nations and it is played by both offline and online participants. However, considering the popularity of bingo game, very little research has been conducted about the attitude of people who are engaged in this game. Thus far, most of the researches were focused only on understanding the characteristics of offline bingo players. Since, online bingo playing is a new phenomenon, there are not many researches which concentrate on understanding the differences between these online and offline customers, about their preferences and other characteristics (Wilsenach, 2012). As earlier researches only focused on offline bingo pla